- A country of northwest South America on the Pacific Ocean. First occupied by the Spanish in 1534, the area achieved independence in 1830. Quito is the capital and Guayaquil the largest city. Population, 8,050,630.厄瓜多尔：南美洲西北部一国家，位于太平洋沿岸。1534年首先被西班牙占领，1830年获得独立。首都为基多，瓜亚基尔是其最大城市。人口8,050,630