| 释义 |
pun·ish AHD[pŭnʹĭsh] D.J.[ˈpʌnɪʃ]K.K.[ˈpʌnɪʃ]v.（动词）pun.ished, pun.ish.ing, pun.ish.es v.tr.（及物动词）- To subject to a penalty for an offense, a sin, or a fault.处罚：因为触犯、罪过或过错而遭受惩罚
- To inflict a penalty for (an offense).施加处罚：因为（冒犯）而施加惩罚
- To handle roughly; hurt:粗鲁地对待；伤害：My boots were punished by our long trek through the desert.我的靴子由于我们穿越沙漠的长途旅行而被磨损了
v.intr.（不及物动词）- To exact or mete out punishment.强制服从惩罚或给予惩罚
- Middle English punissen, punishen 中古英语 punissen, punishen
- from Old French punir puniss- 源自 古法语 punir puniss-
- from Latin poenīre, pūnīre 源自 拉丁语 poenīre, pūnīre
- from poena [punishment] 源自 poena [惩罚，处罚]
- from Greek poinē * see k wei- 1源自 希腊语 poinē * 参见 k wei- 1
pun'ishabilʹity n.（名词）punʹishable adj.（形容词）punʹisher n.（名词）punish, correct, chastise, discipline, castigate, penalize- These verbs mean to subject a person to a penalty, such as loss, pain, or confinement, for an offense, a sin, or a fault.这些动词的意思是使某人因为冒犯、罪过或过错而受到如损失、痛苦或监禁等惩罚。
- Punish is the least specific: Punish 的意思是最不具体的： "The individual who refuses to defend his rights when called by his Government . . . must be punished as an enemy of his country and friend to her foe" (Andrew Jackson).Tocorrect is to punish so that the offender will mend his or her ways: 被国家所召集却拒绝维护他的权利的个人…一定被当作自己国家的敌人和国家敌人的朋友而受到惩罚 （安德鲁·杰克逊）。Corret 意指惩罚以使冒犯者改正他或她的习惯： Regulations formerly permitted prison wardens to correct unruly inmates.规章制度从前曾允许监狱的典狱长惩罚不守规矩的犯人。
- Chastise implies punishment, such as corporal punishment or a verbal rebuke, as a means of effecting improvement in behavior: Chastise 表示作为使行为进步的一种方式的惩罚，如体罚或口头上的责备等： chastise a bully by giving him a thrashing;给这个欺侮弱者的人一顿鞭打以作惩罚；was roundly chastised for insolence.因为傲慢而受到一顿惩罚。
- Discipline stresses punishment inflicted by an authority in order to control an offender or to eliminate or reform unacceptable conduct: Discipline 强调权力机关为控制冒犯者或免除、改革不能被接受的行为所施加的惩罚： The worker was disciplined for insubordination.这个工人因为不服从而受到惩罚。
- Castigate means to censure or criticize severely, often in public: Castigate 常指在公共场合谴责或严肃地批评： The judge castigated the attorney for badgering the witness.法官因为辩护律师纠缠目击证人而谴责了他。
- Penalize usually implies a monetary penalty or the forfeiture of a privilege or gain because rules or regulations have been broken: Penalize 通常指因违反规则或惯例而施行的罚金或导致特权或利益的丧失： Those who file their income-tax returns after April 15 will be penalized. 那些在4月15日以后才填写收入所得税申报书的人将被罚款
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